A research seminar on nature-based solutions, ecosystem services and inequalities in urban-metabolism research. The contribution was presented at CML Research Seminar during 10 December 2025. The discussion centres on Nature-based solutions, Urban metabolism, Ecosystem services, and Material inequalities.

The contribution is developed through Research seminar, conceptual synthesis, and critical assessment. The geographical or conceptual scope is Leiden, Netherlands. It was presented at CML Research Seminar during 10 December 2025.

The contribution reflects the Lab’s interdisciplinary approach, combining quantitative and qualitative evidence to translate urban-metabolism research into planning, design, governance or policy.